The Verb Valence And Expansion Of Sentence Structure

This article gives an idea of the extension of the sentence form and the degree of valency of the verb. At the same time, the derivation that requires the syntactic form of the sentence is based on the applicative model, the applicative method is illuminated by the introduction of new morphological elements into the composition of the previous derivative at each stage of derivation. In addition, the article provides information about the types of valence theory, as well as about actants and circonstants.


INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, the fact that language is a system is recognized by almost all linguists. Therefore, in recent years, as in all disciplines, in linguistics, attention is paid to systematic research. In the history of linguistics, speech has been studied mainly from a formal point of view, and only the mother-son has focused on its semantic side. Speech was interpreted as a whole that was formally divided into certain elements and, at the same time, made up of the grammatical and semantic relationship of certain elements. Apparently, even in traditional linguistics, the systemic nature of speech is recognized, albeit intuitively. But not enough attention has been paid to the relationship between the elements that make up the whole.

METHODS
Although the history of the study of syntax has its own centuries-old tradition, there are still differing opinions on the subject of its study. From the middle of the nineteenth century onwards, in syntactic theory, the focus was not on the whole (speech) but on its parts. As a result, linguists have focused on studying the functions of word groups and word forms in speech. Although the study of syntax under the heading of parts of speech has a long history, linguists have never come to an agreement, either on the principle of dividing a sentence into parts or on the basis of dividing it into levels. Given the existence of a number of shortcomings in the study of speech under the heading of parts of speech, in many places the same piece can not be included under this or that name, some authors in the 70s suggested that to eliminate the study of syntax in general under the heading of parts of speech [1, p.18]. Thus, since syntax was formed as a separate branch of grammar, the debate over its subject matter has not ceased.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
It is known that the first stage of the syntactic derivation of a sentence is based on a certain basic structure. Therefore, this structure is important for the start of the derivation process. In this case, the basic structure is formed as a result of filling the gaps of the primitive structure and requires a minimal form of sentence structure. N. Turniyozov writes about it: "In fact, the number of vacancies in the original structure is more than one. But in the first stage of the operation, only one of the vacancies is filled. This is the first stage of the activation of the applicative model and is the product of an algorithm that obeys the formula -N + V, which is important for the start of the syntactic derivation process. After that, each of the resulting syntactic structures can be formed on the basis of algorithms, and they are the second, third, fourth, and of the syntactic derivative stages"[2, p.81]. The derivation, which requires an expansion of the syntactic form of the sentence, relies on an applicative model. Therefore, each derivative differs from the previous one in its grammatical status. Because, the applicative method introduces new morphological elements into the composition of the previous derivative at each stage of derivation. The application model can also be used to determine how similar morphological units or syntactic devices are formed with the help of small language tools. The application model serves as a key mechanism in the study of how fundamental language phenomena are formed [3, p.8]. It is natural that the expansion of the syntactic form of a sentence occurs through the word.
After all, the word is the building block of the sentence. This is why the formation of speech structure is also directly related to speech. In this process, of course, words form a syntagmatic sequence. True, a sentence may consist of a single word. But at the same time, since there is talk of expanding the syntactic form of a sentence, the main focus is on sentences that consist of the interrelationships of words. The introduction of the interrelationship of words requires that they However, the theory of valence was perfectly developed by the French scientist L. Tener almost at that time [7, p.250]. In today's linguistics, research is being conducted on two main types of valence theory: semantic and syntactic valences. Semantic valence is related to the object-event in reality, through which the relationship of the logical segment with its arguments is expressed. In particular, in Uzbek linguistics, to some extent, scientific work has been done. This is evidenced by the research of I. Kochkartayev on the study of valence levels of speech verbs [8]. But, as mentioned above, L. Tener gave an excellent account of syntactic valence. In his teaching, in particular, the valence properties of the verb are perfectly illuminated. In this case, the control property of the verb is taken into account and it is likened to a hooked atom. It is noted that the syntactic position of each independent word in the sentence is determined by the verb. That is why this theory is recognized as a verbocentric theory in world linguistics.
L. Tener likens each sentence to a theatrical scene. If a performance of events is shown on a theatrical stage, the sentence is expressed by a verb or another word used in its place. If the actors on the stage are actors, the actors in the sentence are the performers or pronouns, so they can be called actors. While the performance of the action on stage is influenced by the environment, the real being, and the audience, the performance of the action in question is influenced by the mood words. Such words are called zirconium in L.
Tener's theory [9, p.117]. For example: Adolat loves his brother very much. In a given sentence, the expression of action is given through the compound of love. This action is being carried out by Adolat. It is therefore referred to as the direct executor of the action or the principal actant. At the same time, the word aka (brother) is also present in the movement. Accordingly, it should also be considered an actant. But he, unlike the main actant, is not the executor of the action, but the receiver of it. Hence, the action expression in the given sentence establishes a direct syntactic relationship with the two words. This is called syntactic valence. The very word 2. Yaxshi oshini yeydi, yomon boshini (Proverbs). A characteristic feature of the firstlevel actant is that he is not only a subject who gives an expression of action, but he, in turn, adapts it to himself. This situation does not change even when it falls out of the sentence structure. Because even though the possessive is not part of the sentence, its existence is felt and continues to function as an executor of the action: We went to the cinema last night. I know this well. At the moment, we are in the first sentence and I am not in the second sentence.
But, nevertheless, they are performing their full function as executors of the action. One of the elements of speech that is directly related to action execution is the secondary actant. The secondary actant requires the function of a filler without a tool, and the work performed directly assumes the action: 1. A father strictly raises his only son (M. Qoriev). 2. The victim seemed to see one of these people (Sh. Kholmirzaev [11, p.31-32]). In the first example, the word son, and in the second example, the word one takes action. Therefore, they are called secondary actants. The instrumental filler can also act as a secondary actant when it comes with or without a marker. The unmarked arrival of language tools does not mean that they have been dropped, but rather that they are active in the zero option: He drank a cup of tea. The tertiary actant can be called a vehicle filler according to the traditional method. This actant is tertiary in its syntactic position. For example: 1. Shokir aka fikran Hosiyat opaga murojaat qilardi (M. Khairullaev). 2. U qizdan ko'zini olib qochib, orqasiga burildi (H. Gulom). In the first of the examples given, the compound Khasiyat opaga, in the second, the word from the girl is a tertiary actant.

CONCLUSION
The syntactic valence level of a verb depends on the number of actants. In other words, the greater the number of actants in a sentence, the greater the degree of valence of the verb. For example, in the second of the above examples, the valence level of the verb is three. Because there are first-level (she -possessive), second-level (eye -non-instrumental filler), and third-level (from a girl -intermediate filler) actors in the sentence structure. It seems that