About Enclaves And Exclusive Countries Of The World

The article examines the geographical location of the countries that are the main objects of the political map of the world, the enclaves and exclave areas, as well as the characteristics of their formation on the basis of social and economic factors.


INTRODUCTION
The political map of the world is of great importance, it clearly reflects the international geographical location of countries, their position in the world, domestic and foreign political and administrative features. Given the growing interest in geography, this article examines enclaves and exclave countries according to their location in the world.
These countries were studied on which continent of the world, their area, population, state system, currency and the degree of their

THE PURPOSE OF THE WORK
The main purpose of this work is to provide a brief overview of the location, area, population, economy, economic development of the countries that are the main object of the world political map, including the enclave countries.

MAIN PART
There are more than 230 countries in the world, which are divided into developed, developing and backward countries in terms of economic development, and geographically divided into countries in the north, west, south, east, closed basin and enclave. (1.177-200; 4.34-35) There are more than 10 enclaves in Europe (Monaco, Vatican, San Marino, Andorra, Liechtenstein, Gibraltar), Asia (Brunei, East Timor, Bangladesh), Africa (Swaziland, Lesotho, Gambia).
According to the scientific geographical literature, the enclave as a geographical category is part of the territory of the main state bordered by the territory of another state. The concept of territory includes not only land area but also territorial waters. An enclave is a part of the territory of a particular state that is completely surrounded by the land and water territory of one or more other states, and is an integral part of the territory of the state to which it belongs. (8.p.16.) Although the term exclave is used to refer to enclaves, these concepts do not have the same meaning. Consequently, both the enclave and the exclave are the same geographical entity, territory. However, if an enclave means a latitude surrounded by another geographical entity -the territory of a state, an exclave geographical entity -is used by the state to which the territory belongs. [9.p.27-29] In this case, if the separated territory is an enclave (Monaco) according to its location, it is an exclave according to its affiliation (France).
It is also important to study the territorial enclaves and the enclaves and exclavities of the regions from both a geopolitical and geoeconomic point of view. From this point of view, it is necessary to avoid the narrow tariff, which accepts enclaves accepted in international law as a territory separated from the main part of the landlocked state, because this tariff includes only the term full enclaves, without taking into account a number of similar political and economic characteristics.
Therefore, this study can cover semi-enclaves (Gambia). In general, the object of geopoliticsthe appearance of enclaves -exclaves on the political map of the world has little history. According to him, the enclave state -the territory of another state is part of the territory of the main state interspersed with.  The main part of the state economy is oil and gas production and refining. Brunei is the 4th largest gas producer in the world. Main export products: oil, oil products, natural gas. It trades with Japan, China, Singapore, Malaysia and other countries.
There are 3 enclaves on the African continent (Swaziland, Lesotho, Gambia). While some of these enclave states are independent and accelerating economic development (Swaziland, Liechtenstein, Andorra), some are still poor countries (Lesotho, Gambia).
In summary, of the world's enclaves and exclave states, the Asian continent is the largest in terms of area and population, while Bangladesh is the leader in the South Asian subregion, while the smallest European continent is the Vatican enclave in the Apennines, Italy.
The most economically developed of the world's enclaves and exclave states are Brunei on the Asian continent, Swaziland on the African continent, South Africa, the Vatican and Liechtenstein on the European continent. At the same time, Lesotho, Gambia and Gibraltar are relatively poor countries in this category.
In general, there are more than a dozen enclaves and exclave states in the world, which differ in their state system and features of economic development.