Amir Temur's Powerful Army Is In Recovery Military Art

In this article, information about the activities of the Great Commander Amir Temur in the formation of the army, their preparation for battle, the formation of a combat order in battle, the management of armies and the appointment of salaries to Warriors is presented.


INTRODUCTION
Entering the political arena in the middle of the 14th century and ending the Mongol khanate in Movarounnahr, which lasted a century and a half, he devoted all his energy, knowledge, talents and abilities to the highest goal of building a socially, economically, politically, militarily strong, centralized, independent state. On the way, the life and activity of the great commander Amir Temur, who made military campaigns in Dashti Kipchak, Jata, Therefore, in this article we will focus on the art of fighting of Amir Temur, the management of troops, the order of division of troops according to the characteristics of the place and the order of their payment.
The tactical rules used in Amir Temur's army, the order of battle and the rules of destroying the enemy were directly related to the composition and structure of his army.
Although Amir Temur's army consisted mainly of infantry and cavalry, in most cases the infantry was also provided with horses on long desert expeditions, and most of the cavalry were also trained to fight on foot. They would dismount and become infantry only when they had to accidentally shoot a bow. However, they undoubtedly performed better on horseback than on foot, because the nomadic peoples had mastered horseback riding from a young age [17].
The cavalry was divided into ordinary and selected warriors, forming a light and heavy cavalry. In addition, there were specific warriors of Amir Temur [18].
In addition to the main types of troops, Amir Temur's troops included: 1) pontoons (those engaged in the construction of mobile bridges) and sailors (they were mainly selected from those engaged in shipping in the Amudarya and Syrdarya and used to build ships and bridges); 2) naftandoz (Gregorian or Greek firefighters); 3) Warriors who know how to work with siege machines and stone-throwing weapons [17]. The fact that many of the besieged fortresses under the leadership of Amir Temur were captured as a result of the skillful use of Gregorian fire and throwing weapons testifies to the great skill of this type of army. The siege shows that Amir Temur was well aware of the methods used by the Greeks and Romans to occupy the forts. [18]. This type of army of Amir Temur used Gregorian firearms on elephants in his battle against Boyazid with his weapons; 4) Amir Temur had a special infantry unit consisting of mountain dwellers, accustomed to battles in mountainous areas, able to climb steep slopes. The warriors of this unit helped Amir Temur to capture the gorges, mountain roads and fortresses located in the mountains [9].
Amir Temur was the first to use a new approach to pre-battle mobilization. According to historical sources, Amir Temur's army of twelve thousand men entered the battle in the following order. The first clashes with the opposition army were started by light cavalry, i.e. guards, engaged in intelligence tasks. After that, the advanced parts of the right and left wings -the advanced part with the support of the barangar hiravuli and the juwangar hiravuli -stepped into the battle of the forehead. Manglai was followed by barangar and the other two parts of juwangar, chapavul and shaqavul. If these forces and means do not defeat the enemy, then the commander-inchief -the leading forces led by Amir al-Umarо -will launch a decisive attack. (Figure 1)  The fact that the army created by the great commander Amir Temur in various battles and the tactics used not only in the past centuries, but also in modern tactics testify to the commander's mastery of martial arts. The most surprising thing is that if we compare the current types of troops in the Armed Forces of Uzbekistan with the types of troops available in the armies of Amir Temur, we can see that the armies created by Amir Temur in his time are still relevant today (Тable 1) [14].

Hiravul
The guard Mang'lay  OCLC -1121105668 each and one pasture for every 5 people (the reason for taking 1 pasture for every 5 people was that the weapons of the selected warriors took up a lot of space and they had special servants). There is also a special unit of warriors armed with gurzi, axe, and swords, which covered their horses with tiger skins. [7].
According to the sources, the armies of Amir Temur were divided into tens, hundreds, thousands, districts (armies of 10 thousand or 12 thousand warriors) and others, like the armies of the Mongol khan Genghis Khan, and were led by tens, hundreds, thousands and commanders and emirs. Emirs are divided into 12 levels. They led different tribes, and their rank depended on the number of warriors given by the tribe [16].
According to sources, the commanders of Amir Temur's army gave military ranks to the fighters in the following order. From each of the ten selected warriors, a prudent and courageous warrior was chosen, and after the consent of the remaining 9 warriors, he was elected captain; of the ten, a centurion was elected according to his activity and ability; Of the 10 captains, the commander was a descendant of a nobleman or a brave man of noble birth who was skilled and experienced in military affairs. Each boss had an assistant who could replace him when needed [14,15,16].
During the reign of Amir Temur, there were peculiarities in the appointment of salaries to the army. Nomadic peoples, who were not well acquainted with monetary relations, measured the value of goods, usually by the price of a horse, sheep, camel, and other things. For this reason, Amir Temur set the salary of a warrior equal to the price of a horse belonging to that warrior. While the salaries of the best warriors (warriors) were equal to the price of 2 to 4 horses, the commanders received the salary of 10 warriors, the captains received the salary of 2 tens, and the commanders received the salary of 3 captains. Every warrior who committed a crime was deprived of one-tenth of his salary [17].
The salaries of emirs are set at one thousand to ten thousand horses, depending on their level, and those of Amir Temur's descendants are priced at 12 thousand horses. [15].

CONCLUSION
Based on the study of Amir Temur's skill and martial arts in building a powerful army, we can conclude the following: 1. It is obvious that Amir Temur assessed the situation comprehensively and correctly in the formation of the army, putting them in a pre-battle order, as well as made wise decisions. Such a serious approach of the great commander to the management of the troops always led him to victory. 2. In the time of Genghis Khan, the basis of the army was the nomadic population. In accordance with the specific demands of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of Temurbek's army, a significant number of soldiers were recruited from the settled population engaged in handicrafts, handicrafts and agriculture, as well as livestock breeders.