About The Universality Of Modeling

The article discusses modeling, the process of abstraction, symbolization, the introduction of modeling into linguistics, the problems of modeling at the language level, the versatility of modeling.


INTRODUCTION
A person has the ability to abstract from the world around him, whereby he can symbolize the elements of the material world that directly affect feelings. Thanks to the actions of some trainers, parrots can repeat certain "words", dogs can answer "questions" by barking, and bee hives can receive information about the distance and direction of nectar in "play" forms. However, in terms of the breadth of its capabilities to transmit and receive information, no living creature can compare with a person. Even animals and birds trained in the "word" cannot go beyond imitating a certain number of words. The basic reason for this is the supreme blessing bestowed only on manabstract thinking and the language that shapes it. Human differs from the animal world in these two qualities -the power of imagination and the power of speech. The ability to abstract symbolizes the object, symbolization is a great opportunity, unique to humans.

MAIN PART
The great French linguist E. Benvenist, thinking about this feature of man, emphasizes that the ability to symbolize exists only in man, which is the basis for the formation of the concept. He compares the game of bees and the language of "speaking" animals to man's communicative ability, explaining that the difference between them is in the distinction between signal and symbolism. He points out that a signal is a physical phenomenon associated with another physical phenomenon in a natural or conventional sense. A person also uses symbols that he himself has established. In addition to the perception of the symbol by the senses, it is also necessary to know and interpret its meaning. Because the symbol itself has no natural connection with what it symbolizes. Man creates and understands symbols, but animals do not have such a feature. Some authors claim that trained animals know speech. In answering them, E. Benvenist states that in fact the animal is taught the signal in the word, a conditioned reflex is formed in the sequence of sounds in the word, the word cannot be interpreted as a symbol, so the animal expresses emotions through different sounds but cannot name it [1,28; 2,102]. Object symbolization is modeling.
The scientific knowledge of the Universe and the modeling of its members are of great importance in the epistemological activity of man. Therefore, in the field of hermeneutics, K.
Poker's theory of the three worlds is widespread. According to this theory, there is a world of physics, thought and ideas, and the world of ideas becomes constructive. The physical world is given to our senses, and this world is reflected in our consciousness as the mental world. The constructive world is achieved by summarizing the basic features of the intellectual world.
From an epistemological point of view, a constructive world is the highest form of cognition. The transition from the intellectual world to the constructive world allows the use of electronic computing techniques in the knowledge of the object, the use of cybernetic methods [3,170]. Therefore, in every field of science, serious attention is paid to modeling in the study of the object. replacement is to speed up, simplify, and reduce the cost of identifying and studying the original functions. In general, the original object can be an optional natural or artificial, real (real) or imaginary system" [6,6].
The issue of language modeling is especially aggravated by the recognition of the teachings of F. de Saussure that language activity should be studied on the basis of language-speech dichotomy. This is due to the fact that modeling is created by defining the main characteristics of an object given by direct observation, and, therefore, by abstraction, that is, by turning it into an abstract object. Therefore, under any model there are two objects: the first object is a specific object that directly affects our senses, and the second object is a constructive object created by a specific subject based on the identification of important characteristics of this object. This object is a derived object created by the first object. The second object is also called cognitive by some scientists, because it is a product of thinking.
The modeling method is currently being studied by many scientists. Examples include mechanics, physics (solid), chemistry, biology, medicine, economics, and others. Linguistics also pays close attention to object modeling. E.F .Kirov emphasizes that linguistic research acquires integrity and completeness only when it is called cognitive and rises to the level of an abstract construct, which can include all aspects of intermediate state units between a foreign language and intellectual activity [7,17].
When did the concept of linguistic model emerge? Although structural linguistics was originally used in the works of Z.Z.Herris, Ch.Hocket in the early twentieth century, it became widespread only in the 60s and 70s of the last century as a result of the emergence of mathematical linguistics and the introduction of cybernetic methods into linguistics.
This concept represents the original device that directly affects our sensory organs in the speech process -an artificial device created by a linguist on the basis of important features of speech units. Such devices also have materiality and can be represented by mathematical symbols, literal abbreviations, and various schemes.
Linguistic models and modeling methods have been widely used in Uzbek linguistics since the 70s and 80s of the last century. In particular, A. Nurmanov raised the problem of modeling the syntactic units of the Uzbek language [8]. He argues that the starting point for a systematic study of syntax should be the syntactic model. The generalized block diagram, implemented through real sentences, is a syntactic model. Two principles of defining syntactic models are emphasized: the first principle is to define a minimum structure containing units sufficient to be a predicative unit; the second principle is to identify the structural elements that serve to ensure not only grammatical integrity but also semantic completeness..
In both cases, a syntactic model is defined by excluding secondary, optional units from the concrete sentences, leaving the units that speak the sentence [8,[11][12].
The issues of modeling at the syntactic level were also raised in the studies of R. Sayfullaeva, M. Kurbanova. These authors prefer to use the term "template" instead of the term "model". M. Kurbanova puts on the agenda simple modeling, and R. Sayfullaevamodeling complex sentences. According to Professor D. Lutfullaeva, a linguistic pattern (model) is an ordered sequence of certain