Associative Relations Between Lexical Units Of The Uzbek Language

This article discusses associative relations, their study in Uzbek linguistics, associative relations between certain lexical units, their peculiarities.


INTRODUCTION
As a result of the fact that any nominative unit names existing things-events, actions-states, their generalized images appear in our consciousness. The image reflected in this consciousness is represented by acoustic signals of a particular language. This situation is considered a necessary component of the overall nomination process, the first two components of the nomination process are common to all languages in the nomination process, and in the third stage, there is a difference between languages. At the second The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations (ISSN -2689-100x) OCLC -1121105668 stage of this process, the service of conceptualizing common signs becomes common to all languages, with the exception of the special signs of existing things. However, in this process, there is a difference between languages, which is the basis for generalization, and in the name of most things and events, each nation has its own way of representing and seeing the world. Considering the fact that every nation understands the world through its own national thinking, the study of national and cultural units included in the language dictionary is also of great importance. And in national associations, of course, the peculiarities of the worldview of the people and their perception are reflected.

MAIN PART
The famous linguist F. Saussure, thinking about linguistic relations, specifically explained the associative and syntagmatic relations in the speech process in the language system. The scientist shows paradigmatic relationships under the interpretation of associative attitudes. Subsequent research has shown that paradigmatic and associative relationships are different [1; 2; 3]. In the second quarter of the last century, the issue of studying language in close connection with the imagination of the person was put on the agenda in linguistics. As a result, the relationship between language and language owner has attracted the attention of linguists. This, in turn, has led to an increase in interest in issues such as speech and its creation, perception. At the same time, new methods of analysis of the relationship between the character and its users have emerged [4; 5]. In particular, in some articles of Uzbek linguistics A.Nurmanov the integral connection between paradigmatic, syntagmatic relations and associative relations [6], D.Lutfullaeva's monograph on problems of associative relations and associative spheres [7], U.Yigitaliev's research on language concept of man and sex [8], B. Tadjibayev's dissertation is focused on the study of nationalcultural units in the cognitive aspect, taking into account that they are the result of national consciousness, national thinking [9].
In the dissertation of U.Yigitaliev on the manifestation of the concepts of "man" and "sex" in the Uzbek language and the study of related linguistic units, the main attention is paid to associative interpretation, which is one of the most interesting and complex areas of theoretical and philosophical science. linguistics is inextricably linked with. In this dissertation, the associative-verbal representation of the concepts of "man" and "sex" in the Uzbek language on the basis of certain linguistic units, the problem of linguocognitive analysis is considered as a special object of research. principles of associative analysis [8].
Professor A. Nurmonov emphasizes the importance of the role of human memory in the system of associative relations and focuses on the names of concepts associated with the word education. Reflecting on this, the scholar said, "The word education is associated with a number of words in the mind, such as school, book, teacher. It is not difficult to see that such a relation has a completely different character from the syntagmatic relation. The next relationship is not long, it is localized in the brain and belongs to a treasure stored in the memory of each person. Such an attitude is an associative attitude" [6,98]. OCLC -1121105668 the language system, different levels prevail in associative relations.
We know that when analyzing associations in a sentence by value, meaning can be interpreted as an indicator of semantic aggregation. "Semantic aggregation occurs through the potential semaphore of the main lexeme from the content and the actual semaphore of the lexeme that is the subject of the content. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that lexemes are related to each other through potential and actual semaphores, and semantic balance is expressed through repeated semaphores" [10,86].
Reflecting on this issue, Professor D. Lutfullaeva notes: "The associative relationship reflects the associative connection of one or more level units in human thinking in relation to various factors. An association formed in one language in relation to a linguistic sign differs from an association formed in another language". The scholar relies on subsequent interpretations in world linguistics to determine the differences between associative and paradigmatic relations. According to him: "As the external world is reflected in the human mind in the interaction of various interconnected objects, events, they associatively recall each other. Not only objects in the external world, but also different experiences of a person together and at the same time remind each other on the basis of the principle of connection" [7,[21][22].
It is well known that the phenomenon of enantiosemia is understood as the logical contradiction of thought, sometimes the verbal expression of a particular word reflects the contradiction of that word in memory. Professors N.Mahmudov and Y.Odilov in their books on enantiosemia give a number of information about the fact that the phenomena of antonymy and enantiosemia are not clearly distinguished in some sources. In particular, they emphasize the forms of associative manifestation of these two phenomena in human memory: "In antonymy, the emergence of one of the opposites associatively represents the other, that is, when it is called good, the concept of evil is reflected in our imagination, but not in enantiosemy. Although enantiosemic units are readily present in a person's language memory, one meaning associatively does not recall another meaning because of their contextual relevance" [11,48].
Within the framework of the lexical units of the Uzbek language, the associative relations of lexemes with the meaning of "science and education" are also of particular importance. Such relationships are associated with the psychological imagination of a person, his memory, how he perceives the world, as well as with certain life processes and experiences. In addition to units that are semantically related to the associative space, there are also units that are not semantically related, but are restored in memory in connection with the psyche, worldview, interests, knowledge of the language about the world. Such units are pre-speech language units -lexical units, phrases, proverbs, sayings, wise sayings, some phrases and sentences used as a stable unit in the speech of language owners, as well as speech syntactic units formed in the speech process.
It should be noted that while linguistic units that are associatively related to each other logically fit a second or third related concept in certain aspects of the stimulus, in some cases there are complete breaks between them as For example, with a pen lexeme: The first link was drawing, painting, painting, color, creativity, poetry, poet, pencil sharpener, creator, writer, painter, pencil, etc..
In the next associative link, if we select the word creation in this line, we see words and combinations such as pen, poet, writer, creator, hardship, novel, short story, pleasure, imagination, sharp pen holder, choice, sculpture.
In the next experiment, through the associative links on the word sculpture, responses such as creation, place, popularity, eternity, stone, clay, clay, sculptor, inanimate, flower, bronze, memory, dignity, creation took place.
As a result of such experiments and observations, the names of some concepts included in the associative connection with the stimulus word in the first line are marked with a certain degree of proximity, logical connection, and associative connection. For example: pen -creation, pen -sculpture, penpopularity, pen -eternity, pen -memory.
Concepts formed through certain response reactions can become completely different concepts on a semantic, logical basis, and the associative relationship between them can be lost: pencil -clay, pencil -clay, pencil -flower, pencil -bronze, pencil -inanimate, etc.
It is known that the coverage of specific aspects of associative relations also reflects the properties of valency associated with syntagmatic relations of lexical units. For example, to draw in a pencil with the word pencil, a colored pencil, a sharpened pencil, a pencil case; through the word creation, the people of creation, the work of the poet, the difficulty of creation, the joy of creation, the choice of creators; The word sculpture can also be used to create compounds such as bronze sculpture, stone sculpture, statue of eternity, flower under the statue, sculpture.

CONCLUSION
It follows from this that, although syntagmatic relations are materially realized, while the materialization of speech contradicts associative relations in the form of a possibility inherent in the human imagination, it allows us to draw conclusions about specific connections between syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations.