Cooperation Between Uzbekistan And Russia In The Field Of Scientific Research During The Years Of Independence

The article provides a scientific analysis of the history of cooperation between archaeologists of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Russian Federation on the basis of scientific research of archaeologists. It is scientifically based that the cooperation between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Russian Federation in the field of archeology is developing, which not only develops the rich ancient culture of Uzbekistan, but also serves to further strengthen the ties of friendship between the two peoples.


INTRODUCTION
The science of archeology is of great historical importance throughout the world and is one of the branches of the social sciences that have come a long way in their formation and development. It is known that the territory of Uzbekistan has long been one of the centers of world civilization. This area is home to rich cultural archaeological sites from different periods of our history. The study of archaeological sites in Central Asia, including Uzbekistan, begins the field of the Russian Empire as an integral part of archaeological research initiated by Russian intellectuals since the second half of the 19th century.

THE MAIN RESULTS AND FINDINGS
The study of the monuments located in the Central Asian region was carried out by the famous orientalist N.I. Veselovsky. It began in 1884 with the discovery by Veselovsky of monuments of sedentary culture in the Fergana Valley, buildings and circles in the steppe, as well as cemeteries in the eastern part of Uzgen [1]. 1886 V. Florinsky discovered the tombs of the beginning of the century near Ettisuva. 1887 Ostroumov was the first in the pre-revolutionary period to organize excavations with the involvement of specialized specialists. These excavations began actively around Tashkent, and then in Syrdarya, Samarkand and other regions [2].
When the Turkestan Amateur Archaeological Circle (TLAC) was created in 1895, it became possible to organize the study of the ancient history and culture of the peoples of Central Asia. Russian specialists, actively studying the past history and culture of the peoples of Turkestan, have established cooperation with leading local intellectuals and progressive scientists to successfully conduct this research.
Akram Askarov, a merchant from Tashkent, was one such local intellectual. He had a large collection of antique coins and other items, and also had extensive experience in collecting them. In most cases, he could read the inscriptions on the coin. A. Askarov was familiar with his collection of antiques not only among the local population, but also among Russian orientalists. Therefore, at the suggestion of N.I. Veselovsky, he participated in several excavations in Turkestan. Valuable coins and other items related to the material culture of our people were given to Russian researchers by this collector. For these merits, Akram Askarov was awarded a small silver medal of the Russian Archaeological Commission "for his contribution to the development of archeology." On the eve of his death (1871), he handed over his collection, which he had been collecting for many years, to the state (the court of the Governor-General of Turkestan). Now they are in the State Hermitage of the Russian Federation [3].
Another ethnographer, Abu Said Makhsum from Samarkand, was an educated man of his time, one of the intellectuals who mastered the art of calligraphy. He knew how to read medieval Arabic and Persian sources and translate them into Uzbek (Turkish) language. Russian intellectuals and archaeologists were able to effectively use this scientific potential for his research in Central Asia. In a comparative study of the sources, Abu Said Makhsum was able to show the Russian scientist V.L. Vyatkin, the exact location of Ulugbek's observatory. In 1909, the Committee for the Study of Central Asia awarded him a cash prize of 100 rubles for a worthy contribution to the opening of the observatory.
In the late 19th -early 20th centuries, Russian orientalists and archaeologists from the local population, who were intelligent, were interested in science and conducted research on the basis of scientists of their time, received unique information about the history of our country. Joint research and archaeological excavations of Russian scientists with the local intelligentsia became the beginning of scientific cooperation between Uzbek archaeologists and Russian scientists. In the first days of cooperation, a lot of materials and  [4]. Among them are many archaeological artifacts and collections found in various parts of Central Asia.
The Russian Empire did not send a special scientific archaeological expedition to study the historical monuments of Central Asia until the October coup of 1917. The excavations were not organized by the state, but carried out by the Russian Turkestan Amateurs (TO) bearing his name. The research carried out by the members of this circle is mainly in the form of memorabilia, which is mainly limited to the recording and recording of existing monuments [5]. These excavations mainly concerned monuments in the oases of the Chach, Sughd and Fergana valleys. Nevertheless, the registration and preliminary excavations of the historical monuments of Central Asia by the members of this circle played an important role in the further development of archeology in Uzbekistan.
The history of the study of monuments in Uzbekistan by the Russian intelligentsia can be viewed in two ways. In the first direction, the study of settlements in agricultural microdistricts -villages, rural areas (fortified settlements), caravanserais, defensive structures, castles and cities. The second direction is the study of cemeteries associated with the culture of livestock breeders.
After the establishment of Bolshevik rule in Turkestan, Turkkomstaris was established to study and preserve ancient monuments, art and cultural heritage. Initially, the organization relied on the technical support of scientists and local historians who worked before the 1917 revolution. At the request of that period, after the revolution, changes were made in its activities, and the state sought to take over the patronage of the preservation and study of historical monuments, art and cultural monuments. Now the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic has undertaken obligations to preserve the monuments of art and culture, relevant decrees and orders have been issued.
In the years 1918-1920, such organizations were created at the initiative of local and military institutions, scientists and ethnographers. In the fall of 1918, former members of TO Vyatkin V. Kastalsky district architect M.F. Together with Mauer, they set out to restore and renovate part of the tower of the Ulugbek madrasah, built in the 15th century, on the eve of its collapse, and the outer wall was badly destroyed. In 1919, the Samarkand Regional Council of People's Commissars supported this proposal and appointed the artist A.K. The group is headed by Tatezosyan. This commission succeeded in preserving and studying monuments in Central Asia, despite the severe political and economic crises of 1918-20. However, due to the lack of funds in the local government fund, they were indifferent to the organization of its activities.
In the 1920s, the organization renovated a number of monuments. At the end of the 1920s, especially in 1928, on the initiative of Sredazkomstaris in many parts of Central Asia, a systematic study of rural monuments, monuments of urban culture, caravanserais and cattle-breeding cemeteries began. By the 1930s, many mounds were discovered on the monuments of sedentary agricultural oases, as well as on mountain slopes and adjacent steppes and deserts, which over time were eroded and raised in a semicircle from earth or stone. Along with the monuments of urban culture in the Tashkent oasis, there is a lot of news about the ancient history of nomads such as Tuy-tepa, Shoshtepa, Yangi Yol, Kovunchitepa, Vrevsky, Tuyaboguz, Kavardan, Akhangoron, Achamoyli. These tombs are miles away. avv. It has been established that it belongs to the period from the III-II centuries to the VIII century MS, and many unique material sources were put into circulation.
In 1937-1940 the Khorezm archaeological and ethnographic expedition led by S.P. Tolstova conducted excavations along the Amirabad Canal in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. As a result of research, it was proved that the Amirabad culture was the place of ancient Khorezm in the 9th-8th centuries. BC, i.e. in the last Bronze Age, and was formed on the basis of a combination of the Suvyorgan and Tozabogyob cultures. In addition, the discovery of a large number of bronze items indicates that at that time methods of casting metals were developed, and stone tools were ousted from the national economy as instruments of labor. Unique monuments of Amirabad culture. The discovery of ceramics, necklaces, shells, brass jewelry, bracelets, sickles and arrowheads and their casts at the monuments of Yakka Parson 2 and Kubod 2 proved that the locals were also skilled in crafts [9]. Learning the secrets of this science from Russian archaeologists, Y. sees a serious participation in his research. This is due to the  . Stone Age workshops were discovered in it, where it was discovered that stone was mined and tools were made. This expedition led by the Russian archaeologist N.K. Anisyutkina (1994Anisyutkina ( -1995 during excavations studied tools of the Early Paleolithic -such tools as chisels, pins, knives. It is proven that the local people hunted wild animals, horses, bulls, saigas and deer.
In 1998, an agreement was reached between the Uzbek Institute of Archeology and the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Ethnography to conduct joint research in the Obi-Rakhmat cave near Tashkent. The joint expedition was headed by Academician of the RFA of Uzbekistan U.I. Islamov and RFA academician A.P. Derevianko [11].
As a result of joint research carried out in 2007-2011, many cultural layers dating back to the Early Paleolithic, Middle and Late Paleolithic eras were discovered and studied. At the same time, the tools of labor were improved and the culture of the Mesolithic period was formed. During the expeditions of Russian and Uzbek historians to Angren in 2011-2015, they discovered and studied such monuments as Dodektam-2 and Kyzylolma [12]. The main task of archaeologists was to study and analyze the Early Paleolithic period and rethink the Middle Paleolithic period at Kolbulak [13].
A joint study conducted by Uzbek and Russian archaeologists in 2010-2015 showed that primitive people did not completely leave their habitats, used natural cave and semi-basement forms for life, and that ancient people left this place and returned several times [14].

CONCLUSION
Thus, as a result of large-scale archaeological research during the period of the former Soviet Union, great discoveries were made in the history of our Motherland. The most important thing is the involvement of local personnel in the expedition by well-known Russian archaeologists and the result of their gratuitous assistance in Uzbekistan, a kind of